Effects of mesenchymal stem cells treated with BMP-2 and VEGF on regeneration of large bone defects / 동물의과학연구지

This study evaluated the possibility of clinical application using matrigel-based bioceramic/polymer scaffolds treated with bone morphogenetic protein, angiogenic factor, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for new bone formation. In the in vitro study, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) containing matrigel, which is a basement membrane gel, was injected into HA/PCL scaffolds to estimate the release rates of growth factors. In the in vivo study, BMP-2, VEGF, and MSCs with matrigel-based scaffolds were implanted into rat femoral segmental defects, and new bone formation was evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks. In the results, the release rates of BMP-2 and VEGF explosively increased by day 5. For the in vivo study results, radiological evaluation revealed that the matrigel-based HA/PCL scaffolds with BMP-2 and VEGF grafted (M+B+V) and matrigel-based HA/PCL scaffolds with BMP-2, VEGF, and MSC grafted (MSC) groups showed increased bone volume and bone mineral density. Moreover, in the histological evaluation, large new bone formation was observed in the M+B+V group, and high cellularity in the scaffold was observed in the MSC group. In conclusion, grafted matrigel-based HA/PCL scaffolds with BMP-2, angiogenic factor, and MSCs increased new bone formation, and in clinical cases, it may be effective and useful to enhance healing of delayed fractures.

Efficacy of alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride on periodontal disease in beagle dogs via drinking water additive and oral gel / 동물의과학연구지

This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride drinking water additive and oral gel on clinical parameters related to periodontal disease in beagle dogs. This study was conducted with healthy 15 beagle dogs. Following a professional teeth cleaning procedure, dogs were divided into three groups. Dogs in the control group received nothing, those in the drinking water additive (DWA) group received 800 ml water with 15 ml of alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride drinking water additive daily, and those in the Oral gel (OG) group were treated with oral gel containing alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride and 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate daily. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and gingivitis index (GI) were evaluated at two and four weeks. Dogs in the DWA and OG groups had significantly less plaque than dogs in the control group at two and four weeks (P<0.01, P<0.05). And, at four weeks, CI was significantly lower in the OG group compared to the control group (P<0.05). On GI, similar scores were recorded for all groups during the experimental period. No significant difference was observed between the DWA group and the OG group. The effect of alcohol-free cetylpyridinium chloride drinking water additive was similar to the result for alcohol containing cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash reported in a previous study. The effect in control of periodontal disease was better in the OG group because of additional chlorhexidine gluconate. However, use of drinking water additive will be more convenient for owners; thus, it will be more effective for achievement of long-term results.

Two Cases of Ocular Complications Caused by Phendimetrazine

PURPOSE: The authors of the present study report treatment experience of acute myopia and branch retinal vein occlusion associated with phendimetrazine, a drug used for weight reduction. CASE SUMMARY: Case 1: A 32-year-old woman, previously devoid of ocular problems, visited our hospital with bilateral visual disturbance after taking phendimetrazine for weight reduction. Ciliochoroidal effusion and anterior shifting of the lens-iris diaphragm were observed, which resulted in a shallow anterior chamber, myopic shifting and an increase in intraocular pressure due to angle closure. The symptoms were relieved by discontinuing the use of phendimetrazine and administration of intraocular pressure-lowering agents. Case 2: A 26-year-old woman, previously devoid of ocular problems, visited our hospital with left superior visual field disturbance after taking phendimetrazine for weight reduction. The examinations revealed papilledema, disc hemorrhage and tortuous vascular changes in her left eye. Fluorescein angiography was performed, and retinal vein occlusion was diagnosed. The patient discontinued weight reduction agents and recovered while under observation. CONCLUSIONS: Phendimetrazine, used for weight reduction, can cause acute myopia via prostaglandin synthesis and retinal venous occlusion due to vascular constriction.

Correlation between Foveal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Unilateral Resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between foveal thickness, as measured with optical coherence tomographic evaluation, and the visual acuity in patients who suffered from unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive patients who were diagnosed with unilateral resolved central serous chorioretinopathy were studied. High-resolution optical coherence tomography was performed on all of the patients. The foveal thickness of the involved eye was normalized by dividing its thickness with that of the uninvolved eye. The best-corrected visual acuity of the involved eye was normalized as well. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the minimum value of the normalized foveal thickness in the 22 healthy subjects. RESULTS: The mean foveal thickness was 128.68+/-22.06 micrometer in the involved eyes and 148.18+/-13.88 micrometer in the uninvolved eyes. There was a statistically significant correlation between the normalized foveal thickness and the normalized visual acuity. There were statistically significant differences in the normalized visual acuity and the duration of the symptoms between the group with foveal thickness above the minimum value and the group with foveal thickness below the minimum value. CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistically significant correlation between foveal thickness and visual acuity. The patient group with a foveal thickness value above the minimum value of the normalized foveal thickness showed a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity and a shorter duration of symptoms. It seems that the foveal thickness is associated with visual acuity and the duration of symptoms.

Coil Embolization Via a Superior Ophthalmic Vein Approach of Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistula

PURPOSE: The result of embolization via an external superior ophthalmic vein approach of carotid cavernous sinus fistula was first described around 1970s. We report a case of coil embolization of carotid cavernous sinus fistula using a superior ophthalmic vein approach. METHODS: A 70-year-old female had a 3-month history of headache, periocular pain, and diplopia. Diagnostic orbital contrast-enhanced CT, brain MRI and contrast-angiography and cerebral angiography revealed a carotid cavernous sinus fistula. Fistula occlusion via transfemoral endovascular embolization failed, so we then tried coil embolization using an external superior ophthalmic vein approach of carotid cavernous sinus fistula. RESULTS: The coil embolization via an external superior ophthalmic vein approach was difficult because of venous tortuosity and poor exposure of part of orbital roof area. But, X-ray-guided direct puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein was successful. We thus had good results with coil embolization of carotid cavernous fistula. CONCLUSIONS: The coil embolization via superior ophthalmic vein approach is an effective and challengeable treatment when surgical cauterization or conventional endovascular embolization fails. We suggest that there is need to training ophthalmologists to be experienced in external orbital surgery.

A Case of Iris Metastasis from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

PURPOSE: Metastatic carcinoma of the eye is a common sequela of widespread dissemination of malignancy. Metastasis to the iris is less frequent than that of the cilliary body and choroid. We report a case of iris metastasis in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: 57-Year-Old man was seen in the department of ophthalmology because of blurred vision in his right eye for seven days. The patient had a metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer in the brain. Trabeculectomy and iridectomy were performed due to secondary glaucoma. RESULTS: The case was diagnosed as iris metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by the clinical and histopathologic findings.